Standardized Siv 7 Tshuaj Nasal

Thaum siv cov tshuaj hauv qhov ntswg, cov kua yuav tsum tsis txhob cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ciliary ntawm qhov ntswg mucosa. Lub acidity thiab alkalinity ntawm lub qhov ntswg mucosa nyob nruab nrab ntawm 5.5 thiab 6.5, thiab cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau sib xws nrog qhov no thiab isotonic. Lub qhov ntswg mucosa muaj thaj tsam loj (kwv yees li 150cm2), thiab cov nplua nuj vascular network nyob rau hauv cov mucosa muaj peev xwm nqus tau zoo, yog li cov kev phiv tshuaj ntawm tag nrho lub cev yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum siv cov tshuaj hauv zos. Raws li ib txwm muaj, nws tsis pom zoo kom siv tshuaj tua kab mob hauv zos hauv qhov ntswg. Vim hais tias lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm qhov ntswg purulent kab mob yog nyob rau hauv lub sinuses, nrog cov kua dej tsis zoo ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm lub sinuses, thiab inflammatory kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub qhov ntswg turbinate mucosa yog mas reactive o. Intranasal tshuaj tua kab mob tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig, thiab kev siv mus ntev yuav ua rau muaj kab mob fungal hauv qhov ntswg.
Thaum siv tshuaj kho qhov ntswg, yuav tsum tau siv lub cev kom raug thiab txoj kev. Ua ntej siv qhov ntswg tee, lub qhov ntswg yuav tsum tau tshuab kom huv si, thiab lub xub pwg nyom yuav tsum nyob rau theem nrog rau ntawm lub txaj nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm supine. Lub taub hau yuav tsum tig rov qab thiab nqis, nrog lub qhov ntswg tig mus rau sab saud. Drip 3-4 te rau txhua sab ntawm lub qhov ntswg, thiab tom qab 30 vib nas this, qaij lub taub hau sab laug thiab sab xis rau 30 vib nas this txhua. Tom qab ntawd, rov qab lub taub hau mus rau nws txoj haujlwm qub thiab tuav nws li 30 vib nas this. Thaum kawg, zaum thiab txo lub taub hau nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub qhov ntswg kom tag nrho faib cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov qhov ntswg kab noj hniav thiab ntau yam ntawm qhov ntswg qhov ntswg, ua kom yooj yim rau lub qhov ntswg qhib. Thaum siv tshuaj tsuag qhov ntswg, zaum. Tom qab tshuab koj lub qhov ntswg, tuav lub raj mis tshuaj nyob rau hauv koj sab laug tes, thiab muab lub nozzle rau hauv lub qhov ntswg sab xis, nrog lub nozzle tig mus rau sab nrauv ntawm koj sab xis qhov muag, kom cov kua tshuaj tsuag tsuag mus rau sab nrauv phab ntsa ntawm lub qhov ntswg. kab noj hniav, thiab vice versa. Cov tshuaj ua kua yuav tsum tsis txhob muab txau rau ntawm qhov ntswg qhov ntswg, kom tsis txhob muaj epistaxis lossis txawm tias muaj qhov txhab thiab qhov ntswg perforation ntawm qhov ntswg.
1. Intranasal tshuaj tua kab mob
Raws li tau hais ua ntej, cov tshuaj tua kab mob yuav tsum tsis txhob siv rau hauv qhov ntswg. Txawm li cas los xij, rau cov kab mob xws li atrophic rhinitis, nasal sclerosis, immobile cilia syndrome, thiab Kartagner's triad (nasal sinusitis, bronchiectasis, thiab visceral transposition), vim qhov tsis ua haujlwm ntawm mucociliary ua haujlwm ntawm lub qhov ntswg mucosa, cov kab mob yuav tsum tsim rau ntawm lub qhov ntswg. qhov chaw ntawm mucosa, tso cai rau cov kab mob loj hlob subcutaneously. Lub sijhawm no, kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob hauv zos tuaj yeem txiav txim siab.
Mupirocin yog siv rau qhov ntswg vestibular kab mob, uas yuav pab tau zoo tshem tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Staphylococcus aureus nyob rau hauv lub qhov ntswg vestibule, thiaj li hais tias nws muaj peev xwm txo tau cov irritation ntawm enterotoxin ua los ntawm nws mus rau lub qhov ntswg mucosa, yog li txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm rhinosinusitis. Streptomycin thiab gentamicin yog siv los kho atrophic rhinitis; Rifampicin yog siv los kho qhov ntswg sclerosis.
2. Antihistamines
Cov tshuaj tsuag qhov ntswg Azelastine thiab Levocabastine tau muab ob zaug hauv ib hnub, 2-3 zaug hauv ib hnub, rau kev ua xua rhinitis. Cov tshuaj no yuav siv sij hawm 15 mus rau 30 feeb tom qab muab tshuaj tsuag rau hauv lub qhov ntswg.
3. Glucocorticoids
Nasal spray hormone tau dhau los ua thawj kab tshuaj rau kev kho mob rhinitis thiab qhov ntswg polyps, thiab tseem yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho mob sinusitis. Thaum ua ntawv thov, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua raws li kev siv tshuaj nruj me ntsis thiab ua raws li txoj hauv kev ntawm kev siv tshuaj tsuag qhov ntswg. Cov menyuam yaus yuav tsum xaiv cov tshuaj uas muaj bioavailability tsawg. Yog tias siv cov tshuaj dexamethasone qhov ntswg, lawv tau yooj yim nqus tau thiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev yog siv rau lub sijhawm ntev lossis siv ntau dhau. Lawv tau raug phased tawm.
Cov tshuaj nquag:
Beclomethasone dipropionate, triamcinolone, budesonide, fluticasone propionate, thiab mometasone furoate. Kev siv tshuaj kho mob ntawm beclomethasone dipropionate yog qhov ntxov tshaj plaws, tab sis vim nws cov bioavailability siab, nws tau maj mam hloov los ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob tom qab qhov ntswg. Cov tshuaj hormones qhov ntswg muaj qhov nqus tau zoo thaum txau thaum sawv ntxov, feem ntau yog ob zaug ib zaug, 1-2 zaug hauv ib hnub.
4. Cov tshuaj decongestive
Kev kho mob zoo ntawm decongestants yog tsuas yog los txo qhov ntswg congestion thiab txhim kho qhov ntswg qhov ntswg thiab kua dej. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias hom tshuaj no tsis tuaj yeem siv tau ntev, thiab kev siv txuas ntxiv feem ntau tsis pub tshaj 7 hnub, txwv tsis pub nws yuav ua rau mob rhinitis. Thaum ua ntawv thov, yuav tsum tau them nyiaj mloog zoo rau kev nqus cov tshuaj los ntawm mucosa, thiab yuav tsum tau ceev faj rau cov neeg mob uas muaj kab mob plawv, ntshav siab, thiab lwm yam mob. Thaum siv rau cov menyuam yaus, qhov concentration yog halved piv rau cov neeg laus.
1 feem pua ​​​​ephedrine nyob rau hauv NS qhov ntswg tee (0.5 feem pua ​​concentration) yog siv nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam mus cog lus rau qhov ntswg mucosal hlab ntsha, txhim kho qhov ntswg qhov ntswg, thiab txhawb txoj hlab pas. Rau qhov ntswg qhov ntswg hnyav, 2-4 tee txhua zaus, 3 zaug hauv ib hnub. Nws yog txwv tsis pub menyuam yaus ua ntej yuav mus pw kom tsis txhob pw tsaug zog tsis zoo.
Oxymetazoline hauv NS muaj cov nyhuv vasoconstriction muaj zog thiab kav ntev, thaum cov nyhuv vasodilation theem nrab tsawg dua. Cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 3 xyoos tsis raug pom zoo siv, thiab cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 3-6 yuav tsum siv nws hauv qhov nruab nrab.
5. mast cell stabilizer
Cromolyn sodium qhov ntswg tee thiab nedocromile yog siv los tiv thaiv cov tsos mob tshwm sim. Cov neeg mob uas muaj kab mob rhinitis raws caij nyoog tuaj yeem pib siv nws ib lub lis piam ua ntej lub caij paj ntoos.
6. Mucosal irritants
Ntxiv peppermint camphor nasal drops: peppermint, camphor, eucalyptus roj. Lubricates lub qhov ntswg mucosa, nkoos paj hlwb xaus, txhawb mucosal caj pas secretion, thiab deodorizes. Siv los kho rhinitis qhuav thiab atrophic rhinitis. Feem ntau siv cov tshuaj muaj xws li cov cod siab roj qhov ntswg tee thiab kua paraffin nasal drops.
7. Maxillary sinus flushing tov
Cov khoom xyaw: 2g metronidazole, 2.5g chloramphenicol, 5mg chymotrypsin, 9g sodium chloride, ntxiv dej distilled rau 1000ml. Muaj nuj nqi: Nws muaj cov kab mob bactericidal ntawm ob qho tib si anaerobic thiab aerobic kab mob, thiab tuaj yeem ua rau cov hnoos qeev. Siv rau puncture thiab flushing ntawm maxillary sinus nyob rau hauv mob maxillary sinusitis.